Figure 1. The figure illustrates the assessment of physical performance using the chair stand test (in seconds) categorized by normal and abnormal waist-to-hip ratios within the entire study population and across distinct age groups. Panel A pertains to male participants, while Panel B pertains to female participants. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was adjusted for smoking habit, physical activity, healthy diet, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose levels.