Research Paper Advance Articles
Bleomycin promotes cellular senescence and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway without direct effect on fibrosis in an idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis model
Figure 3. Cellular cytotoxicity was induced by bleomycin treatment in PCLS from iUIP mice. (A) ROS generation was detected in PCLS from normal and iUIP mice treated with the vehicle or 1 μΜ bleomycin for 30 min. (B, C) Extracellular ATP was examined in PCLS from normal (B) and iUIP (C) treated with the vehicle or 0.01–10 μΜ bleomycin for 4 h. Values were normalized to DNA content. (D, E) LDH assay was examined in PCLS from normal (D) and iUIP (E) treated with the vehicle or 0.01–10 μM bleomycin for 48 h. Values were normalized to DNA content. (F, G) PCLS samples were treated with 1(μM bleomycin for 120 h. TUNEL-positive cells in paraffin-embedded sections were stained and calculated based on the total number of cells. The results are shown as mean ± SE of five mouse PCLSs at each stage. Asterisks indicate *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ****P < 0.0001 compared with the vehicle. “ns”, not statistically significant. Scale bars indicate 50 μm.